May 21, 2015

Better policing: A community justice center


Center for Court Innovation - Located in southwest Brooklyn, the Red Hook Community Justice Center  is a community court that seeks to reduce local crime and incarceration  while improving public confidence in justice. An official branch of  the New York State Court System, the Justice Center features a multi-jurisdictional courtroom where a single judge handles low-level criminal,  housing, and juvenile delinquency cases. The Justice Center also houses an array of onsite social services, youth programs, and community  outreach initiatives. The Justice Center is the product of a public-private  partnership that includes the New York State Court System, the City of  New York, the Brooklyn District Attorney’s Office, and dozens of city  agencies and non-profit groups.

With funding from the National Institute of Justice, the National Center for State Courts  completed an independentevaluation of the  Justice Center in 2013.
 
Major findings

The Justice Center increased the use of alternative  sentences: 78 percent of offenders received  community service or social service sanctions,  compared with 22 percent among comparable  cases processed at the regular criminal  courthouse in Brooklyn.

The Justice Center reduced the number of  offenders receiving jail sentences by 35 percent.  In addition, there were significant differences in how the Justice Center used jail compared  to the downtown courthouse. At Red Hook,  almost no defendants (1 percent) received jail  at arraignment. Instead, jail was reserved as a “secondary” sanction, for offenders who were  noncompliant with their initial community or  social service sentences.

Adult defendants handled at the Justice Center  were 10 percent less likely to commit new crimes than offenders who were processed in a  traditional courthouse; juvenile defendants were 20 percent less likely to re-offend. Further analysis  indicated that these differences were sustained  well beyond the primary two-year follow-up  period.

There was a sustained decrease in both felony  and misdemeanor arrests in the police precincts  served by the Justice Center. Similar phenomena. were not apparent in adjacent precincts,  where arrest patterns remained highly variable  throughout the observation period. Although  precise causality cannot be established, crime (as measured by arrests) went down in Red Hook in a  way that it did not in surrounding areas.

Evaluators concluded that the Justice Center  had improved perceptions of procedural justice,  reflected in the fair treatment of defendants throughout the courthouse; the “respectful two-way interaction” between judge and defendant  in the courtroom; and efforts at building citizen  trust through community outreach.

For each of the 3,210 adult misdemeanor  defendants arraigned at the Justice Center in  2008, taxpayers realized an estimated savings of  $4,756 per defendant in avoided victimization  costs relative to similar cases processed in a  traditional misdemeanor court – a total of $15  million in avoided victimization costs. After factoring the upfront costs of operating the Justice Center, total resource savings in 2008 were  $6,852,477; savings outweighed program costs by  a factor of nearly 2 to 1.

The Justice Center’s efforts to achieve a close  and meaningful engagement with the local  community were successful. Based on interviews  with residents, community leaders, and offenders,  the public perceives the Justice Center not as an  outpost of city government, but as a homegrown  community institution.  

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